Modulating the electrical activity of the brain can be achieved with neuromodulation devices. One such therapy is the single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulator (sTMS), approved in the USA for both acute and preventive treatment of migraine in adults. Explore how sTMS can provide relief from migraine, its effectiveness, and potential side effects in this post.
How does sTMS work for treating migraine?
sTMS targets the cortex, the outer part of the brain, using strong magnetic fields that induce a local electrical current. Studies have shown that sTMS can inhibit cortical spreading depression, the electrical wave that causes the migraine aura. It is also believed to alter the firing of connections between the cortex and deep brain centers that help process sensation and pain. This can help reduce the excitability of the pain networks that play a role in generating migraine.
Is sTMS effective in treating migraine attacks?
In a study on migraine with aura, patients either sTMS or a fake pulse (placebo). The real sTMS led to a pain-free state within 2 hours for 40% of patients, compared to 22% with the placebo. Side effects were minor and similar in both groups, suggesting that sTMS could effectively treat migraine attacks with aura. No studies are available yet for migraine without aura.
Is stMS effective for migraine prevention?
sTMS can be used for both prevention (four pulses twice a day) and as an acute abortive treatment (three pulses as needed). In a study funded by eNeura, patients experienced a reduction of 2.8 headache days from a baseline of 9.1 days. No serious side effects occurred during the study, however, some people experienced light-headedness, dizziness, tingling, ringing in the ears, or occasional headache.
Is sTMS right for me?
People who have seizures or electrical implanted devices in the head, neck, or upper body should not use this treatment.
Summary
Transcranial magnetic stimulation has shown promising results as a migraine therapy. While the device is sadly not available in Canada yet, it is an interesting option to be aware of. Some people may have access to it in the US.
References
- Lan L, Zhang X, Li X, Rong X, Peng Y. The efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation on migraine: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Headache Pain. 2017;18(1):86
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